MANDATORY MANEUVERS FOR MANAGING

posted by admin on Sep 22

The invention in the eighteenth century initiated a change which is known as industrial revolution. Production moved from cottages to factories where centralized production was carried out. Industrial revolution started in United Kingdom and it had changed the entire behavior of civilized world.

Machineries were used instead of human power. Industrial revolution necessitated the growth of large scale organizations and use of new tools and processes. Charles Babbage is the pioneer of digital computer. His book “On the Economy of Machinery and Manufacturers” became so popular within three months of its publication in 1832. Though he was a manufacturer of machineries, he contributed more to the development of management thought. Factory system necessitated the need for talented and trained managers. The concepts division of labor and specialization were introduced. Managers had to increase the efficiency of worker work mix.

posted by admin on Sep 15

Management was known to the people in ancient times. A number of management principles were traceable to the ancient civilizations. We find references in Sumerian, Egyptian, Babylonian, Hebrew, Chinese, Indian, Greece and Roman civilizations.

Egypt government had organizations controlled the construction of pyramids, irrigation and canal building. The ancient Chinese philosophers were first to recognize the need for systematic employee selection and training. Histories on Roman Empire contain information on how administrative problems were handled. Hebrew organized groups to meet threats from outside. Sumerian people formed governments. Alexander is the great used staff organization to control his troops.

Management process first started at family and then spread to form units. Management concepts exited only in a nebulous state. Management as a separate process was not recognized.